CEH: Gathering Host And Network Information | Scanning

Scanning

It is important that the information-gathering stage be as complete as possible to identify the best location and targets to scan. After the completion of  footprinting and information gathering methodologies, scanning is performed.
During scanning, the hacker has vision to get information about network an hosts which are connected to that network that can help hackers to determine which type of exploit to use in hacking a system precisely. Information such as an IP addresses, operating system, services, and installed applications.

Scanning is the methodology used to detect the system that are alive and respond on the network or not. Ethical hackers use these type of scanning to identify the IP address of target system. Scanning is also used to determine the availability of the system whether it is connected to the network or not.

Types Of Scanning 

Network Scanning	Identifies IP addresses on a given network or subnet
Port Scanning	Determines open, close, filtered and unfiltered ports and services
Vulnerability Scanner	Detect the vulnerability on the target system

Port Scanning ​

Port scanning is the process of identifying open and available TCP/IP ports on a system. Port-scanning tools enable a hacker to learn about the services available on a given system. Each service or application on a machine is associated with a well-known port number. Port Numbers are divided into three ranges:

• Well-Known Ports: 0-1023
• Registered Ports: 1024-49151
• Dynamic Ports: 49152-6553

Network Scanning

Network scanning is performed for the detection of active hosts on a network either you wanna attack them or as a network administrator. Network-scanning tools attempt to identify all the live or responding hosts on the network and their corresponding IP addresses. Hosts are identified by their individual IP addresses.

Vulnerability Scanning

This methodology is used to detect vulnerabilities of computer systems on a network. A vulnerability scanner typically identifies the operating system and version number, including applications that are installed. After that the scanner will try to detect vulnerabilities and weakness in the operating system. During the later attack phase, a hacker can exploit those weaknesses in order to gain access to the system. Moreover, the vulnerability scanner can be detected as well, because the scanner must interact over the network with target machine.

The CEH Scanning Methodology

As a CEH, you should understand the methodology about scanning presented in the figure below. Because this is the actual need of hackers to perform further attacks after the information about network and hosts which are connected to the network. It detects the vulnerabilities in the system bu which hackers can be accessible to that system by exploitation of that vulnerabilities.

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EHTools Framework: A Framework Of Serious Penetration Tools And Wi-Fi Pentesting

About EHTools Framework
   Wi-Fi tools keep getting more and more accessible to beginners, and the EHTools Framework is a framework of serious penetration tools that can be explored easily from within it. This powerful and simple tool can be used for everything from installing new add-ons to grabbing a WPA handshake in a matter of seconds. Plus, it's easy to install, set up, and utilize.

Why choice EHTools Framework?
   Lots of pentesting tools installed by default: More than 58 options installed by default you can find in EHTools Framework such as Metasploit Framework, WireShark and other tools!

   Password protection and config encryption: In version 2.1.6 the authors added pasword protection for users who think that his/her friend or parents will turn into EHTools Framework and will remove or destroy it. Only for this people the authors create password protection for EHTools Framework 🙂

   Easy in learning and this is the best framework for beginners: EHTools Framework's TUI is very simple for beginners, you can start attack on the local network by choosing an option from main menu. It is very simple, is not it?

   UX/UI impruvements for beginners: It uses the names you supply to connect to the tools needed to execute any attacks you select! Aside from that initial input, the majority of the possible attacks can be performed merely by choosing the option number from the menu. This means you can grab a network handshake or download a new hacking tool like Pupy by just selecting from one of the menu options!

   More than 100 tools you can install from EHTools Framework or Lite: Our framework has more than 100 packages in EHTools Framework archive (on server this archive: 2.3 TB)!

System requirements for EHTools Framework
   Full root access and access to /root folder: All EHTools Framework files and folders will copy to /root, /bin and /etc system folders, for copy ehtools data to your system needed root access!

   Bourne-again shell and Gnome-terminal shell needed for EHTools Framework GUI and also without Gnome-terminall shell modules such as (eht1, eht2 and etc.) will not work!

   Good internet connection for server support (only EHTools Framework Pro): The server support for ehtools PRO is one of system requirements, it is needed for collect information about EHTools Framework crashes and it is also needed for check product status such as (you bought ehtools/you did not buy ehtools)

EHTools Framework Installation

   To uninstall EHTools Framework, enter this command: ehtools -r

How to activate EHTools Framework Pro
   This key you can buy on the EHTools website for one dollar! This key is used to activate EHTools Framework PRO enter it in the input field of the activation key in the file install.sh and then you can install EHTools Framework and use it only for educational purposes!

   WARNING: The key works only one week then it changes!
You need to have time to enter it before it is updated!

Enter your ehtools activation key!
You can buy it on the ehtools site!
(activation_key)>

   Also, the the authors do not recommend to change the source code of ehtools because it is very complex and you can mess up something and disrupt the framework!

Selecting version of EHTools Framework
   After executing install.sh it will be ask you to select version of EHTools Framework: Pro or Lite.
   Select Lite if you did not buy EHTools Framework Pro. If you bought Ehtools Framework pro license key from EHTools website, select Pro.

What version of Ehtools Framework do you want to install?(pro/lite):
If you did not buy Ehtools Framework PRO, select LITE!
If you bought Ehtools Framework PRO, select PRO
(version)>

   If you select EHTools Framework Pro, you will need to activate it with your EHTools Framework Activation Key that you need to bought on the EHTools website. If you have EHTools Framework Activation Key, read the following instructions.

Attacking Frameworks
   Most new Wi-Fi hacking tools rely on many of the same underlying attacks, and scripts that automate using other more familiar tools like Aireplay-ng are often referred to as frameworks. These frameworks try to organize tools in smart or useful ways to take them a step beyond the functionality or usability of the original program.

   An excellent example of this are programs that integrate scanning tools like Airodump-ng, attacks like WPS Pixie-Dust, and cracking tools like Aircrack-ng to create an easy-to-follow attack chain for beginners. Doing this makes the process of using these tools easier to remember and can be seen as sort of a guided tour. While each of these attacks is possible without the hand-holding, the result can be faster or more convenient than trying to do so yourself.

   An example of this the authors have covered is the Airgeddon, a wireless attack framework that does useful things like automating the target selection process and eliminating the time a user spends copying and pasting information between programs. This saves valuable time for even experienced pentesters but has the disadvantage of preventing beginners from understanding what's happening "under the hood" of the attack. While this is true, most of these frameworks are fast, efficient, and dead simple to use, enabling even beginners to take on and disable an entire network.

UX/UI impruvements for beginners
   The EHTools Framework starts by merely typing the letter ehtools or eht into a terminal window, then it asks for the name of your network interfaces after the first run. It uses the names you supply to connect to the tools needed to execute any attacks you select. Aside from that initial input, the majority of the possible attacks can be performed merely by choosing the option number from the menu. This means you can grab a network handshake or download a new hacking tool like Pupy by just selecting from one of the menu options.

Use basic networking tools
   To begin, the we can access data about the network they're currently connected to, as well as any network interfaces, from the main menu. Here, we can find local information by just typing l to pull up local IP information, as seen below.

   This allows us to do things like scan the network for other devices. This part of EHTools Framework gives us better visibility on a network and situational awareness of what devices are around us. The various information can be broken down as follows:

• if: To run ifconfig and gives the names and information about all network devices
• 1: Enables wlan0
• d1: Disables wlan0
• 2: Enables wlan0mon
• d2: Disables wlan0mon
• 3: Randomize or set the MAC address to a specific value
• 7: View the public IP address your computer is leaving on sites you visit
• 19: Look up the physical address of a given IP address to determine it's relative location
• scan: Start an ARP scan on the network to discover nearby devices
• start: Start monitor mode on the wireless network adapter
• stop: Stop wireless monitor mode on the network adapter

Use EHTools Framework quick access
   Run it to open quick access menu: ehtools -o
   Run it to update EHTools Framework: ehtools -u
   Run it to remove EHTools Framework: ehtools -r
   Run it to make handshake: ehtools -h
   Run it to open WPS menu: ehtools -w

Install new tools on EHTools Framework
   Part of the fun of Ehtools Framework is how easy it is to add new tools to our arsenal. To demonstrate this, let's download Pupy, a Python-based RAT designed to take control of other computers on the network. We can select option 9 to access the list of tools in EHTools Framework.

   From the next menu, the tools are broken down into major categories, with options for managing the installation of scripts. The options presented are:

• 1: Wi-Fi tools (tools for attacking wireless networks and network databases)
• 2: Remote access (tools for getting remote access to other devices and remotely managing them)
• 3: Information gathering (collecting intelligence on people or website)
• 4: Website tools (tools for exploiting or attacking sites)
• 5: Other (a miscellaneous collection of other hacking tools)

   You can also manage your installed tools by accessing option 6. To download Pupy, we'll go to option 2, which is remote access. Here, we will see a list of different tools for remote access, and we can select option 3 for Pupy.

About EHTools Framework server support
   Server support for ehtools Pro is very important, as all error reports are sent to it in order to improve and fix vulnerabilities and bugs!

   COUNCIL: Make a good internet connection for EHTools Framework, to help EHTools Framework access to server!

   If in consequence of bad Internet connection EHTools Framework will not be able to communicate with the server then the framework will not start because of access denial and due to a validation error for check ehtools bought or not bought!

   If there is the bad internet connection, EHTools Framework will say you this:
[*] There is no connection!

   If you did not buy EHTools Framework, EHTools Framework will say you this:
[*] Failed to open session for ehtools!

How to protect EHTools Framework with password

   Do it with install.sh: Create login and password from install.sh.
   Defaults is login: ehtools, password: sloothe.

   Do it when you are going to exit from EHTools Framework, exit with shortcuts:
0 or exit.

   Do not do it when you are going to exit from EHTools Framework. WARNING: Do not just close EHTools Framework window!

Terms of use
   This tool is only for educational purposes only.
   Use this tool wisely and never without permission.
   The authors are not responsible for anything you do with this tool.

Download EHTools Framework

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HACKING PASSWORDS USING CREDENTIAL HARVESTER ATTACK

Everything over the internet is secured by the passwords. You need a login to do any stuff on any social or banking website. Passwords are the first security measure for these type of websites. So, I brought a tutorial on how to hack such sort of login passwords. This tutorial is based on credential harvester attack method. In which you will know about hacking passwords using credential harvester attack method.

HACKING PASSWORDS USING CREDENTIAL HARVESTER ATTACK

REQUIREMENTS

It's very simple and easy to follow. Before you start, you need the following things to work with.

1. Kali Linux OS
2. Target Website

STEPS TO FOLLOW

• Run the Kali Linux machine. If you have not Kali Linux installed, you can grab a free copy and install it as a virtual machine. You can learn more about Kali Linux VirtualBox installation.
• Sign in to Kali Linux by entering username root and password toor.
• As you'll sign in, navigate to the Applications > Social Engineering Tools > Social Engineering as shown in the following screenshot.
• Now you will see the different options. You have to choose Social Engineering Attacks by simply entering its number in the terminal. Once you do it, it will show a few options further. Simply choose Website Vector Attack by putting its number.
• Website vector attack will show up it's a different type of attacks. We are going to use Credential Harvester Attack.
• Choose the Site Clone option. As you do it, it will ask for your public IP address. Just open up a new terminal and type ifconfig. It'll show the public IP. Just copy it and paste in the previous terminal as shown in the following screenshots.
• After we do it. Enter the target website of which passwords you want to hack. Make sure to use a website that has username and password on the same page.
• All done now. As someone opens up the browser on the public IP we specified, it'll show up the website that we entered in the previous step. Now as someone enters their username or password, it will be captured in the terminal.

That's all. If you're not clear yet. You can watch the following complete video tutorial on how to do it.

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Learning Web Pentesting With DVWA Part 2: SQL Injection

In the last article Learning Web Pentesting With DVWA Part 1: Installation, you were given a glimpse of SQL injection when we installed the DVWA app. In this article we will explain what we did at the end of that article and much more.

Lets start by defining what SQL injection is, OWASP defines it as: "A SQL injection attack consists of insertion or "injection" of a SQL query via the input data from the client to the application. A successful SQL injection exploit can read sensitive data from the database, modify database data (Insert/Update/Delete), execute administration operations on the database (such as shutdown the DBMS), recover the content of a given file present on the DBMS file system and in some cases issue commands to the operating system. SQL injection attacks are a type of injection attack, in which SQL commands are injected into data-plane input in order to effect the execution of predefined SQL commands."

Which basically means that we can use a simple (vulnerable) input field in our web application to get information from the database of the server which hosts the web application. We can command and control (at certain times) the database of the web application or even the server.

In this article we are going to perform SQL injection attack on DVWA, so let's jump in. On the DVWA welcome page click on SQL Injection navigation link. We are presented with a page with an input field for User ID.

Now lets try to input a value like 1 in the input field. We can see a response from server telling us the firstname and surname of the user associated with User ID 1.

If we try to enter a user id which doesn't exist, we get no data back from the server. To determine whether an input field is vulnerable to SQL injection, we first start by sending a single quote (') as input. Which returns an SQL error.

We saw this in the previous article and we also talked about injection point in it. Before diving deeper into how this vulnerability can be exploited lets try to understand how this error might have occurred. Lets try to build the SQL query that the server might be trying to execute. Say the query looks something like this:

SELECT first_name, sur_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '1';

The 1 in this query is the value supplied by the user in the User ID input field. When we input a single quote in the User ID input field, the query looks like this:

SELECT first_name, sur_name FROM users WHERE user_id = ''';

The quotes around the input provided in the User ID input field are from the server side application code. The error is due to the extra single quote present in the query. Now if we specify a comment after the single quote like this:
'-- -
or
'#
we should get no error. Now our crafted query looks like this:

SELECT first_name, sur_name FROM users WHERE user_id = ''-- -';

or

SELECT first_name, sur_name FROM users WHERE user_id = ''#';

since everything after the # or -- - are commented out, the query will ignore the extra single quote added by the server side app and whatever comes after it and will not generate any error. However the query returns nothing because we specified nothing ('') as the user_id.

After knowing how things might be working on the server side, we will start to attack the application.
First of all we will try to determine the number of columns that the query outputs because if we try a query which will output the number of columns greater or smaller than what the original query outputs then our query is going to get an error. So we will first figure out the exact number of columns that the query outputs and we will do that with the help of order by sql statement like this:

' order by 1-- -

This MySQL server might execute the query as:

SELECT first_name, sur_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '' order by 1-- -';

you get the idea now.
if we don't get any error message, we will increase the number to 2 like this:

' order by 2-- -

still no error message, lets add another:

' order by 3-- -

and there we go we have an error message. Which tells us the number of columns that the server query selects is 2 because it erred out at 3.

Now lets use the union select SQL statement to get information about the database itself.

' union select null, version()-- -

You should first understand what a union select statement does and only then can you understand what we are doing here. You can read about it here.
We have used null as one column since we need to match the number of columns from the server query which is two. null will act as a dummy column here which will give no output and the second column which in our case here is the version() command will output the database version. Notice the output from the application, nothing is shown for First name since we specified null for it and the maria db version will be displayed in Surname.
Now lets check who the database user is using the user() function of mariadb:

' union select null, user()-- -

After clicking the submit button you should be able to see the user of the database in surname.

Now lets get some information about the databases in the database.
Lets determine the names of databases from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA by entering following input in the User ID field:

' union select null, SCHEMA_NAME from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA-- -

This lists two databases dvwa and information_schema. information_schema is the built in database. Lets look at the dvwa database.
Get table names for dvwa database from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES

' union select null, TABLE_NAME from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES-- -

It gives a huge number of tables that are present in dvwa database. But what we are really interested in is the users table as it is most likely to contain user passwords. But first we need to determine columns of that table and we will do that by querying INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS like this:

' union select null, COLUMN_NAME from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'users'-- -

We can see the password column in the output now lets get those passwords:

' union select user, password from users-- -

Of-course those are the hashes and not plain text passwords. You need to crack them.
Hope you learned something about SQL injection in this article. See you next time.

References:

1. SQL Injection: https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/SQL_Injection
2. MySQL UNION: https://www.mysqltutorial.org/sql-union-mysql.aspx
3. Chapter 25 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-schema.html

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How To Start | How To Become An Ethical Hacker

Are you tired of reading endless news stories about ethical hacking and not really knowing what that means? Let's change that!

This Post is for the people that:

• Have No Experience With Cybersecurity (Ethical Hacking)
• Have Limited Experience.
• Those That Just Can't Get A Break

OK, let's dive into the post and suggest some ways that you can get ahead in Cybersecurity.

I receive many messages on how to become a hacker. "I'm a beginner in hacking, how should I start?" or "I want to be able to hack my friend's Facebook account" are some of the more frequent queries. Hacking is a skill. And you must remember that if you want to learn hacking solely for the fun of hacking into your friend's Facebook account or email, things will not work out for you. You should decide to learn hacking because of your fascination for technology and your desire to be an expert in computer systems. Its time to change the color of your hat 😀

 I've had my good share of Hats. Black, white or sometimes a blackish shade of grey. The darker it gets, the more fun you have.

If you have no experience don't worry. We ALL had to start somewhere, and we ALL needed help to get where we are today. No one is an island and no one is born with all the necessary skills. Period.OK, so you have zero experience and limited skills…my advice in this instance is that you teach yourself some absolute fundamentals.

Let's get this party started.

•  What is hacking?

Hacking is identifying weakness and vulnerabilities of some system and gaining access with it.

Hacker gets unauthorized access by targeting system while ethical hacker have an official permission in a lawful and legitimate manner to assess the security posture of a target system(s)

 There's some types of hackers, a bit of "terminology".
White hat — ethical hacker.
Black hat — classical hacker, get unauthorized access.
Grey hat — person who gets unauthorized access but reveals the weaknesses to the company.
Script kiddie — person with no technical skills just used pre-made tools.
Hacktivist — person who hacks for some idea and leaves some messages. For example strike against copyright.

•  Skills required to become ethical hacker.

1. Curosity anf exploration
2. Operating System
3. Fundamentals of Networking

*Note this sites

• hackquest.de
• hacktissite.org
• www.trythis0ne.com
• www.hackchallenge.net
• hacking-lab.com

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Facebook Plans To Launch Its Own Cryptocurrency

Facebook Plans To Launch Its Own Cryptocurrency

Facebook Plans To Launch Its Own Cryptocurrency

The social network giant, Facebook is going through a bad phase with lots of ups and down. The recent scandal with Cambridge Analytica has caused the world's largest social network giant Facebook to change its stance on user privacy and to be more transparent about its use of the data it collects.

Since then, some social networks based in Blockchain have been popularized, namely Sphere, Steemit, and Howdoo. However, recently, something unusual announcement is announced by the social network giant Facebook itself, in which Facebook stated that it is investing in a Blockchain-based solution development team, but, the purpose of the project is not yet known.

It was with a post on the Facebook page that David Marcus confirmed his departure from the Messenger team and the creation of a small group dedicated to finding solutions based on the potential of Blockchain technology for Facebook.

David Marcus has not given much detail on the work he will do with his new group, saying only that they will study Blockchain from scratch so that they can use this revolutionary technology for Facebook.

"I'm setting up a small group to explore how to leverage Blockchain across Facebook, starting from scratch," stated David Marcus.

Despite being connected to Facebook's Messenger since 2014, David Marcus is no novice in these financial issues related to money transfers. In addition to having introduced the possibility of P2P payments in Messenger itself, David Marcus was President of PayPal and CEO of Zong, a company dedicated to payments on mobile devices.

However, his experience in this segment does not allow us to conclude that Facebook will create or support a crypto coin, but, it also doesn't mean that it will launch or support any crypto coin of its own. Blockchain technology has become famous thanks to crypto-coins, especially Bitcoin, but its potential expands dramatically to other areas.

The potential of Blockchain goes from the crypto-coins to the creation of real ecosystems online, supported by the users of the network. Sharing and storing data is a legacy that Blockchain allows you to explore and maybe the fact that Facebook will use it in your favor.

The lead post in Messenger was then handed over to Stan Chudnovsky, who now heads one of the most widely used communication services around the world, alongside WhatsApp.

Rumors also point out that James Everingham and Kevin Weil, both from Instagram, will also join David Marcus in this new onslaught of Facebook to one of today's most acclaimed technologies.

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